History of Crime and Criminal Justice Outline
History of Crime and Criminal Justice Outline
Ancient World
I Primitive/tribal world
II Biblical
III Classical World
IV. Medieval England
V. Modern World
A. FranceB. Russia
C. England
Crime and Justice in Colonial America
I Introduction
A. Periodization
1. General
2. Specific
a. Village Period
b. Town Period
B. Themes
II. Crime in Colonial America1. Geography and Settlement
a. "Regionalism"
b. North2. Immigration
c. Southd. Middle
e. Frontier
f. "Takers and Leavers"
a. Who Came/ who did not
b. New England and North East England
c. Virginia and South West England
d. Quakers and the Delaware Valley
e. Baggage
i. Old Ideas/ law
>Common Law
>Biblical law
ii. Old Institutions
>Law enforcement
>Courts
>Punishment
iii. With a Twist
3. Religion
a. Catholic
b. Protestantism
4. Scape Goatsi. Defined
ii. Anglican
iii. Quakerism
iv. Puritanism
>Importance>Mind set
*"Typology"
*Covenant
*City on the Hill
*Human Nature
*Harsh Punishments
*Importance of Discipline
*Importance of obedience
*Social Activism
*Police State
*Religion and State
*"Symbolic Crusades"
ii. Deism and Democracy>Thought Leaders
*Cotton Mather
*Increase Mather
a. Land
b. Indigenous People
c. Others
i. French
ii. Spanish
iii. Criminals
iv. Witches
5."Culture clash"
6. "Community"
7. Generation Gaps
8. Conspiracy
C. Criminal Justice in Colonial AmericaA. Village Period
1. GeneralB. Town Perioda. Community and Control
b. Culture Clash
i. Indigenous peoples
>Clash of world views
>Phase 1= quest for conversion
>Phase 2= necessity for survival
>Phase 3= Source of fear
>Phase 4= War
>War and Terrorism
*King Philip's War (1675-76)
*America's most deadliest
-1 in 10 killed
-2/3s of New England's towns attacked
-1/2 of settlements left in ruin
*Psychology
-Historic amnesia
-Reconstruct
-Myth making
ii. Catholics and conspiracy
iii. Quakers
iv. Deviants: Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
v. Witches
2. Murder and Billington
a. Read "Pilgrim's Justice" in case studies
3. Salem and Witches
a. Definition
b. History and Swan Song
c. Salem/1692
i. On the cusp
ii. Village and town
iii. Pace of events
>Jan to May
>May to Sept
>Sept +
iv.Accusers
v. Initial Witches
>Sexism
>Ageism
>Widowhood
>Behavior
>Vocation
vi. Later Witches
vii. "Tipping points"
>Characters
<Samuel Parris
<John Putman
viii. Meaning
ix. Causes
>Secularism v fundamentalism
>Concerns over Indians
>Concerns over French
>Diseased grain
d. Vice
a. "Blue laws"
b. Gambling
i. Capital improvements
ii. Lottery
c. Drinking
i. Liquid and hygiene
ii. Diplomatic tool / Indians
iii. Currency and barter
iv. Issue of temperance
d. Sex
i. View of women
>Eve as temptress
>Mary as scared virtue
ii. Prioritizing sex: saintly to sin
>Procreation
>Platonic
>Passion
>Power
>Profit
e. Rape
i. Types of Rape
>Stranger Attack
>Family rape
*Wife
*Girl child
>Power over powerless
*Servants
*Slaves
>Race
*Indians--no
*Blacks--yes
>Military
*British
*German mercenaries
ii. Victims of Rape
>Black females could not be raped==no human status
>Dominance of patriarchy
>Lower class and ignorance
*Ignorant and intimidated by the system
*Male concern over costs and publicity
*Modesty and rape talk
iii. Problem of proof
>Against will
*Force v. coercion
*Folk beliefs
<To become pregnant the women had to enjoy (orgasm) sex
>Signs of force
*Midwife or females examine
*Degrees of resistance==calls for help
*Penetration v emission
>Delay
>Victim's character
*Importance of virginity
iv. Race and Rape
>Emergence of the black rapist concept
v. Punishment
>Death
*Blacks more likely to be executed
*In the south a post mortem dismemberment
1 General crime and examples
2. "Hot Spots"
a. Crime Sections of towns...dev. of harbor districts=geography and crime.3. "Suspected Ones"
b. Crime cities...Philadelphia=crime as reputation
a. Uprooted4. Reflections of the commercial society
i. Indentured Servantsb. Rooted
ii. Transported Criminals
iii. Sailors
i. Slaves
ii. Freed Blacks
iii. Poor
a. Smugglers
b. Piratesi. History
ii. Reasons
>Navy vets
>Privateers v pirates
>Colonial expansions and wars
>Commerce
iii. Pirate places
iv. Symbols of terror: Jolly Rogers
v. Characters
>Edward Teach
>William Kidd
>Henry Morgan
>Bartholomew Roberts
>Mary Read
>Anne Bonny
vi .Executions
c. Counterfeiters
d. Prostitution
i. NYC and "Holy Ground"
ii. Boston and "Mount Whoredom"
5. Disorder
a. Rebellions
i. Bacon'sb. Slave Revolts
ii. Paxton's
iii. Green Mountain Boys
i. New York City, 1712c. Colonial Mobs
ii. North Carolina's Stono Revolt, 1739
iii. New York City's "Negro Conspiracy," 1741
i. Definition
ii. Examples
> Mobs of Excitementiii. The Regulator Movement
> Mobs of Indignation
> Mobs of Fear
> Mobs With Political Agenda
>Definition
>Background
>Meaning
< Vigilantism
< Revolution
1. Criminology
a. Demonic School2. Law and Legal Systems
b. Religion as Criminal Justice
a. Law and the3. Punishment
i. Bibleb. Courts
ii. Common Law
i. Inquisitorial
ii. Salem Systemiii. Samuel Sewall Story
iv. Medieval Ordeal
v. Circuit
vi. Presumption of guilt
vii. Importance of confession
>Save the soul
>Validate the rules
a. "Village Period"4. Law Enforcementi. Purpose
>Medieval loophole
>Benefit of clergy
>Neck Verse: Psalm 51
ii. Banishment
iii. Corporal
iv. Capital
>Thomas Graunger Story
v. Institutions
>Stocks and Pillories
> Shamingb. "Town Period"
i. Institutions
> Gaolii. Purposes
> Debtor's prison
iii. The Negro Crime Narratives
>Defined
>Meaning
a English modelsi. South
>The Sheriff System
>Plantation Justice
ii. North and the Constable/night watch
New Nation and New Things
I. Introduction
A. Periodization,1776-183011.. Crime in the New Nation
B. Themes1. "City on the Hill"
2. Geography and discovery
3. Politics
4. War
a. Terrorism/ Barbary Coast
b. War of 1812
5. Religion/Evangelicalism
6. Law
7. Ideology
a. Equality
b. Liberty
c. Justice as process
8. The New American
a. The Good Citizen
i. Self disciplined
ii. Tolerant
iii. Play by the rules
iv. "Social Contract"
v. Resist violence
vi. Violence in a good cause
vii. Control passions
viii. Be productive
ix. Moral
b. The Bad Citizen
i. Unmarried
ii. Wanton sex
iii. Too masculine
iv. Youth
v. Idle
vi. Lustful
vii. Lack self control
viii. Race: freed blacks
ix. Poor
9. Anti Fed Gov
10. Patriarchy
11. Christmas and disorder
a. North
i. Puritan anti Christmas
ii. Middle class and wassailing
iii. Callithumpians
b. South and John Canoe
c. America's invention
12. Demography/ the Scot-Irish
13. Violence as virtue
a.. American Revolution
b. Crisis: Whiskey Rebellion
c, Rural Radicals
d.. The South
A. GeneralIII. Criminal Justice in the New Nation1. Secularization
2. Literature
a. America's first novel
i. William hill Brown's The power of Sympathy, 1789
ii. Themes: murder, love suicide
b. Crime pamphlets
i. A Deed of Horror! trial of Jason Fairbanks for the Murder of his sweetheart, 1801
B. Conspiracy
1. Meaning
a. Scape-goating
b. Vulnerability
2. Catholics
3. Masons and the William Morgan incident
4. Mormons
5. Strange death of Merweather Lewis
6. Treason and sedition? Aaron Burr and General Wilkinson
7. Lower classes v the elites: rural rebellions
a. Shay's Rebellion
C. Gangs in the New Nation
1. Old Brewery
2. Plug Uglies
3. Day Break Boys
D. The "Peculiar South"
1. Growing apart
a. Virginia Dynasty
b. "The Great Match Race" 1823
i. Eclipse v. Sir Henry
c. Militarism as way of life
2. Plantation Justice
a. Slave as problem and threat
i. Master as minority
ii. Culture clash and conformity
iii. Theft
iv. Rape
v. Runaway
vi. Murder
b"Justice"
i. Identity
> Markings
> Papers
ii. Slave patrols
iii. Courts
iv. Punishment
>Death
>Sell/separate
>Whipping
3. Duel as symbol
a. History
b. Characteristics
i. Honor
ii. Militarism
iii. Structure
>Seconds and officiating
>Dueling Grounds
> To death or not
>Democracy: Swords [nobility] to pistols
c. Sensations
i. Stephen Decatur
ii. Andrew Jackson
iii. Hamilton-Burr
d. Lower classes and the Gouge
4. Why the South?
a. Demographics
b. Weak CJS
c. Culture of Honor
d Anthropology
i. Hunting cultures
ii. Farming cultures
iii.Herding cultures
A. Criminology
a. Old Notions: Devil
b. Cesare Beccaria and America2. Criminal Law and Legal Systemi. On Crimes and Punishment, 1764
ii. Elements
>Eliminate harshness
>Deterrence
>"Hedonistic Calculus"
>Fairness
>Calibrating severity
>Certainty of punishment
>Celerity
a. Secularization of the Criminal Law3. Punishment
b. Common law in a democracyi. Elitist by nature
ii. Natural Law
iii. Supreme Court and John Marshall
c. "Republican Code" Movement
i. Importance of statutory law
ii. Federal/ Bill of Rights
iii. State
>Before: Harsh
>Republican codes
<Democratic
<Anti-Common law
<Law by legislature
<Eliminate
*Numerous capital offenses
/Anti public capital punishment movement
/Where to capitally punishment
*Corporal punishments
<Degrees of culpability
>Other
<Election of judges
<Juries
a. Gaol to jails4. Law Enforcement
b. "Prisons"i. Newgate in NYC
ii. Walnut Street in Philadelphia
iii. Pennsylvania Prison Society
c. Penitentiary Movement
i. Causes>Beccaria' influence
>Quakers
>Perplexity of democracy/capitalism
>Perplexity of liberty
>Failure of
<Family
<Society
<Environment
ii. American Rationale>Liberty v Denying liberty
>Patriarchy in a democracy
iii. Pennsylvania System
>Location
>Elements
>World view
<Quaker contemplation
<Monastic in nature
>Solitude and meditation
>Idleness to work
>Politics of penology
<Pro Penn position
*Companions
*Work
*Economical
*Individualize
<Anti Penn position
*Not economical
*Not humane
*Did not work
iv. Auburn, NY System
>Location
>Elements/factory model
>World view
<Puritan mindset
*Importance of obedience
*Develop good habits and skills
*Emphasis on power through control
*Importance of the state/religious connection
*Pain and discomfort is good for the soul
>Features and Rationale<Solitary/silence
<Congregate work
<Leadership
*Elam Lynds
>European tourists
<Gustave de Beaumont and Alexis de Tocqueville
<Charles Dickens
>Politics of Penology
<Pro Auburn/Sing Sing
*Profit
*Humane
*Work
<Anti Auburn
*Impossible
*Freed Blacks
a. Old Ways continuedi. Jacob Hays: High Constable of NYC
ii. "The Shadow"
b. Some Experiments at Boston
Crime and Criminal Justice in Jacksonian America
Crime and Criminal Justice During War: Civil and Uncivil
I. Introduction
A. Periodization--1830-1855II. Crime in the Jacksonian Era
B. Themes
1. Urban Growth
2. Immigration, ethnicity and xenophobia
3. Culture Clash
4. Politicsa. Era of the "Common Man"
b. Patronage
5. Media and the "penny press"
6. Sex anda. The "Victorian Compromise"
b. The "Unwritten Law"
7. Bachelor Culture and the "Sporting Man"a. Masculine culture
8. Urban Gangs
9. Symbols of an age
a. Andrew Jackson
b. P.T. Barnum
A. Ordinary crime and violenceIII. Criminal Justice in Jacksonian America1. Criminal Districts
a. America's First Slum= Five Points
2. Bank Robbery
3 Confidence Games
a. Before: A world of neighbors and trust
i. Life, Career and business of P.T. Barnum
ii. Importance and tradition of the hoax
iii. April Fools Day
b. Now
i. Urban anonymity
ii. Nature of victims
c. Games
4. Urban Youth Gangs
a. Nature of family life
b. Importance of street life
c. Type of youth gangs
i. Street corner
ii. Theft
iii. Combat
d. Selective sample names of gangs
i. NYC
>Forty Thieves
>Homeboys
>Bowery Boys
>Roach Guards
>Dead Rabbits
>Plug Uglies
ii. Philadelphia
>Buffers
>Deathfetchers
>Garroters
>Forty Thieves
>Bleeders
>Smashers
5. Abortion
a. "Quickening Doctrine"
b. Life and Career of Madam Restell
6. Infanticide
7. Prostitution
a. Market
b. Structure
i. Street walkers
ii. Assignation
iii. Brothel
>Madam
>Workers
*Male Muscle
*Maids/servants
* "girls"
c. Reasons for becoming a prostitute
i. Female work in a male world
ii. Destitute
iii. Appealing Life style
iv. Victim of seduction
d. Vulnerable
i. Disease
ii. "Brothel Bullies"
iii. Murder: Helen Jewett
iv. Moral Crusaders
8. Rape
9. "Trail of Tears"
B. Extraordinary Crime
1. Presidential assassination attempt
a. Andrew Jackson and Richard Lawrence
b. McNaughten in America
2. Murder as sensation
a. Helen Jewett
b. Mary Rogers
3. Government as criminal
a. Cherokee Indians
i. Americanized and culture clash
ii. Supreme Courts decisions
b. Andrew Jackson and
i. Treaty systems
ii. Supreme Court
c. Trail of Tears
4. Disorder
a. Rise of mobs
b. Rationale
c. Types
i. Street kids
ii. Ethnic
iii. Religious
>Catholics
>Mormons and Nauvoo
5. Crime and the Media
a. "Penny Press"
b. The Flash Press
c. "Mystery Story" and Poe
d. Police Gazette
A. Criminology
1. Beccaria continuedB. Law and Legal System
2. "Law of Criminal Succession"
1. Judges and politicsC. Punishment
2. Juries and Alexis de Tocqueville
3. Juries and nullification
4. "unwritten law" or "Victorian Compromise"
1. Fall and Failure of the PenitentiaryD. Child Saving
a. Reasons2. Capital Punishment reforms
b. Repercussions
a. Public to private
b. Humane, the drop method
1. Children as problem
2. House of Refuge movement
3. Charles Loring Brace and the Orphan Trains
E. Law Enforcement
1. Modern Urban Police
a. Definedi. Full time
ii. Salaried
iii. Tax supported
iv. Preventative
v. Identifiable
vi. Centralized
b. Resistances to reform
i. French/Russian models
ii. English model
iii. "No standing army" ideology
iv. American Models
v. Captain Slick
c. New York City
i. Rise of the middle class
ii. Heterogeneity
iii. Disorder
iv. Mary Rogers
v. The Machine
d. Formative years of the NYC police
i. Finance
ii. Police/population ratios
iii. Identity
iv. Ethnicity
v. Detectives
vi. Danger
vii. Politics
viii. A comparison with the Bobbies
e. Chicago
i. Old police
ii. Nativism
iii. Levi Boone
iv. Failure of reform
v. Draconian Decrees
vi. Lager riots
vii. New Police
2. Private police: Allan Pinkerton
a. Background
i. Scotland
ii. Dundee, Illinois
b. Chicago
i. Railroad hub
ii. New Crime: employee dishonesty
iii. Northwest Police Agency
>Structure
>Personnel
>Mission
>"The Eye That Never Sleeps"
c. Hamlet on the prairies
I. Introduction
A . Periodization, 1855-1875II. Crime in the Civil War Era
B. Theme
1. Crisis: the best and worst2. Tools of violence
a. NRA 1871
b. Violence as shock: "Republic of Sorrow"
i. The Good Death
ii. The New Death
> 620,000 lost
> In proportion to today's pop it would be 6 million
>Loss of loved ones
*the body
*the identity
*the closure
>Faith
c. Violence as resolution
d. Violence as repulsion
i. Societies for the prevention of violence of animals/children
3. Terrorism
4. "Just War" doctrine
5. Assassination and justice
6. War crimes and criminals
7. Business crime
8. Rearrange social situations
9. Popular culture: John Henry
A. Ordinary Crime
1. "Washington Tragedy"
a. Dan Sickles and Philip Key
2. Baltimore Plot
3. Infanticide: Margret Garner story
4. War
a. Bounty Jumpers
b. Camp life
c. Sex
i. Camp followers: Anne Jones
ii. Districts: Hookers Division
iii. Disease
d. M.A.S.H. and morphine
e. Business crime
f. Looting
i. Ordinary
ii. Quantrill
g. Terrorism
i. "Bleeding Kansas"
>"Red Legs" and "Jayhawks"
> Quantrill and Lawrence Ks.
ii. John Brown
iii. KKK
5. Railroad robbers
a. Express cars
b. Reno brothers
c. James brothers
6. Shoplifting
a. Retail before
b. Department store
i. Layout and ideology
ii. Customer
iii. Employee
iv. Solutions
7. Counterfeiting
a. Extent
i. By 1864 1/2 the money in circulation in north was bogus
b. Culture
B. Extraordinary Crime
1. Sumner and Brooks
2. Disorder
a. Baltimore insurgency
b. NYC Draft Riots
c. Colfax, La, 1873
3. Assassination
a. The Plot
b. The Act: Ford theater
c. The Conspirators
i. John Wilkes Booth
ii. Lewis Powell
iii. David Herold
iv. George Atzerodt
v. John Surratt
vi. Others?
>Samuel Mudd
>Mary Surratt
>The "Canadian Cabinet"
d. The Chase
i. Twelve days of April
ii. Garrett's Farm
>Lafayette and Luther Baker
>"Boston" Corbett
e. The Trial
i. Bureau of Military Justice and Joseph Holt
ii. Process and procedure
f. The Execution
4. Jesse Pomeroy
a. Boys
i. Popular culture
ii. Onanism
b. "Boy Fiend"
5. Political Crime
a. Local: Tweed/ Carter Harrison Sr.
b. National
i. Credit Mobilier
ii. U.S. Grant
iii. Election of 1876
6. Child Abuse
a. Extent
b. Mary Ellen McCormack 1874
i. Life
ii. Torture
iii Trial
iv Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
III. Criminal Justice in the Civil War era
A. Criminology
1. Classical (Free Choice) School
2. Positivism/ determinism
3. Charles Loring Brace
a. The Dangerous Classes of New York 1872
b. Preventable causes of crime
i. Ignorance
ii. Intemperance
iii. Overcrowding
iv. Idleness
v. Weak marriage
c. Non Preventable Causes of Crime
i. Immigration
ii. Orphanage
iii. Accident
iv. Passions
B. Law
1, Ex Parte Milligan
2. 14th Amendment
3. Comstock Law
C. Corrections
1. POW Camps
a. Andersonville and Henry Wirz
b. POW camps of Illinois
2. Penitentiaries/ prisons
a. Enoch Wines and Louis Dwight
i. Report on the Prisons (1867)
b. New Penology
i. Zebulon Brockway
ii. Problem
iii. Solution
>Ideology
>Institution
c. Illinois
i. Alton
ii. Joliet
>Construction
>Amenities
>Inmate culture
*Language
*In coming
*Work
*Violence
*Discipline
*Release
>Guard Culture
*Politics
*Types
*Discretion
>Leadership
*Up to 1875
*1875 and Robert McClaughry
d. The South and Libby Prison
e. "Sisters Keepers"
i. Ideology
ii. Resistances
iii. Progress: Indiana
f. Death
i. Minnesota Sioux
ii. CoConspirators
D. Police
1. Pinkertons
a. Civil War
i. Secret Service
>Spies in the South: Timothy Webster
>Counter intelligence: Rose Greenhow
ii. Business criminals
b. Post Civil War
i. Building a national org
ii. Rail road robbers
iii. Jesse James incident
2. Federal police
a. Secret Service
b. Occupation of the South
3. Local Police
a. Model
b. Uniforms
c. Detectives
d. Home rule and the Boss
e. Ethnicity
Crime and Justice in the West
I. IntroductionCrime and Justice in the Gilded Age
C. ImportanceA. Periodization, 1620 to 1890
B. Definitions
1. Time.2. Geography
3. State of Mind
1. Frontier Thesis
a. Frederick Jackson Turner
b. The American Character
2. Mythology
a. Romanticism
b. Reality
3. Homestead Act and Squatter mentality
4. Illinois connection
a. Wyatt Earp
b. Bat Masterson
c. Wild Bill Hickok
d. Jack Slade
e. Charles Bolles (Black Bart)
f. Gordon Lillie (Pawnee Bill)
g. William Quantrill
h. John Wesley Powell
5. Unique Problems/ solutions
II. Crime in the West
A. Migration
1. Who came?
a. "To See The Elephant"
b. Dissatisfied
c. Opportunists
d. Risk takers
e. Men
f. Women
i. Frontier Prostitution
ii. Types
>Brothel dweller
>Saloon/dance hall "entertainer"
>Crib girl
>Street walker
>"Cat wagon"
B. Geography
1. Borders
a. Borderless and "Bad Lands"
b. Land as sanctuary
c. Rivers
i. Ambiguity of authority
ii. River pirates
iii. River town
iv. River boats
>Riverboat gambling
*Extent
*George Devol
* Professional v amateur
>The Great Race and the great divide
2. Land
a. Vastness and waste
b. As Enemy to be conquered
c. As obstacle
d. As issue
i. Open range
ii. The Barbed wired Fence
iii. Riparian rights
3. Unforgiving nature of nature
a. As seducer: Gold Rush and 'busted"
b. Donner Party
c. Personality
C. "Community" and violence
1. Transient Towns
a. Disorder
i. Mining towns
ii. Railhead towns
b. Orderly
i. Cattle towns
>Dodge City
>Baxter Springs
>Abilene
>Caldwell
>Ellsworth
ii. Wagon trains
2. Stable towns
a. Salt Lake City
b. San Francisco
3. Western crime capital : Las Vegas, New Mexico
D. The Gun
1. Nature of 18th and early 19th Century guns
2. Samuel Colt of Conn.
a. Invention
b. Failure
3. Texas and the Rangers
a. Indian problem
b. Colt revisited
4. "Democratizing the Gun"
a. Inter-changeable parts
b. Rapid fire over accuracy
E. Villains/Heroes
1. Clear villains
a. Bob Ford
2. Clear heroes
a. The "Good" Woman
3. Ambiguous ones
a. Federal government
i. Treaties
ii. Reservation system
b. Mormons
i. Positive
>Settlers and civilizers
>Indian relations
ii. Negative
>Polygamy
>Theocracy
>Mountain Meadows Massacre
c. Law Enforcement
i. Hired killers
ii. Law enforcement by reputation
iii. Wild Bill Hickok
iv Wyatt Earp
v. John Wesley Hardin
vi. Pat Garrett
d. Crooks
i. Jesse James
ii. Butch Cassidy
iii. William Bonney " ?Quien es?
F. Disposable People
1. "Pioneer"
a. From the French: pionnier
b. Meant foot soldiers who cleared the way for an army
c. Pioneering was a paramilitary occupation
2. Means of disposing
a. Demonize
b. Disease
c. Deceit
d. Deport
e. Detain
f. Destroy
3. Indians and America's genocide
a. A Primer on Sioux religion and world view
i. Two great forces
>Mother Earth
>Great Spirit: Wakan Tanka
ii. The Good Life: living in harmony with
>Earth
>All living things
iii. Importance of 4 or the scared number
>Things that breath:: crawl, fly, 2 legs 4 legs
>Things above the earth: sun, stars, moon, planets
>Green things: roots, stem, leaves, fruits
>Time: day, night, moon [month] year
>Elements: fire, water, air, earth
>Directions: north, south, east, west
iv. Buffalo Calf Woman Legend
v. Sacred objects and ceremonies
>Peace pipe ceremony
>Sweat Lodge Ceremony
>Vision Quest
>Sun Dance
>Spirit Calling
>Blood mingling
> Give Away ceremony
vi. Scared places: Black Hills
vii. Sioux Calendar
>The Moon of Frost in the Tepee...January
>The Moon of the Dark Red Calves....February
>The Moon of the Snowblind...March
>The Moon of the Red Grass Appearing...April
>The Moon When Ponies Shed...May
>The Moon of Making Fat...June
>The Moon of Red Cherries or The Moon When Cherries Are Ripe....July
>The Moon When Cherries Turn Black...August
>The Moon When Calves Grow Hair...September
>The Moon of the Changing Season...October
>The Moon of Falling Leaves...November
>The Moon of Popping Trees...December
b. Words
i. Lakota becomes Sioux
ii. Inoca or Ininiwek (pl) becomes Illiniwek then Illinois
c. Places
i. Trail of Tears
ii. Black Hills
d. "Indian"
4. Mexicans
a. Words
i. Rodeo to rodeo
ii. "Greaser"
iii. "Desperado"
b. Native Californians
c. California and lynching
i. Joaquin Murrieta
5. Chinese
a. Segregated work
b. Segregated towns
c. Rock Springs massacre
G. Military
1. Indian Wars
a. Northern Plains
i. Dakotas and Wyoming
ii. Black Hills gold rush
iii. Sioux et al
iv. Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
v. Little Big Horn
vi. Sand Creek
vii. Wounded Knee
b. Southern Plains
i. Texas, New Mexico
ii. Apache et al
iii. Cochise and Geronimo
iv. Kit Carson and Lew Wallace
v. Canyon de Chelly
v. Navajo's The Long Walk"
2. Cattleman's Wars
a. Wyoming and the Johnson County War
i. Causes
ii. Characters : Tom Horn
b. New Mexico and the Lincoln County War
i. Causes
ii. Characters: Billy the Kid
H. Symbols and Mythmaking
1. Alamo
a. The Glory of defeat
b. Heroic characters
c. Villains
2. Little Big Horn
a. The Glory of Defeat
b. The story from the Indians perspective
c. Heroic Characters and Fools
3. OK Corral
a. Tombstone Arizona and mining
b. Contestants
i. "Cow boys" the Clantons
ii. Federal law enforcement: Earps
c. The Art of the Shoot out
d. 30 seconds and 30 shots
e. Issues
i. Federal v Local law enforcement
ii. Politics
iii. Gun control
iv. Immigration and border control
v. Vice v non vice
4. Deadwood SD and "Dead Man's Hand"
a. The West as tourism
b. Shoot outs at 1,3,and 5pm
5. Buffalo Bill Cody and the Wild West Show
a. The Show
b. The Characters
i. Geronimo
ii. Annie Oakley
6. The Harvard Men
a. Theodore Roosevelt
b. Owen Wister
c. Remington's art
7. The Hollywood Men
8. "Indianness"
a. Reservations
b. Boy Scouts
c. Summer Camp
d. Genealogy
e. "Black Elk Speaks"
9. "The Mild, Mild West"
III. Criminal Justice in the West
A. Law
1. "Law West of the Pecos"
a. Judge Roy Bean
2. Federal v local
3. Committees of Vigilance
B. Law Enforcement
1. Federal Territory and Marshals
2. Regional
a. Texas Rangers
b. Northwest Mounted in Canada
3. Private
a. Pinkertons
b. Vigilance Committees
i. SF Committee symbols
ii. Blindfolded goddess
c. Anti Horse Thief Associations
4. Citizen and the "posse"
C. Corrections
1. Lynching
a. California
b. Montana
2. Territorial
3. Frontier jails
4. State
a. San Quentin, 1851, 1854
5. Mark Twain's account of a Virginia City, Nevada, hanging.
I. IntroductionI. Introduction
A. Periodization, 1875-1900
B Define Gilded AgeC. Themes
1. Rapid growth of business
2. Rise of radical labor
3. Shift in immigrant patterns
4. Domination of political machines
5. Rise of Vice lords and the Red Light District6.. Crime surge
7. Criminal Justice
a. Political
b. Professional
8. World's Fairs, 1876, 1893
II. Crime in the Gilded Age
A. Business
1. Business as Criminal
a. Ideology
i. Social Darwinism
ii. Neo Puritanism
b. Worker Exploitation
i. Work conditions
ii. Pay
iii. Arbitrary firing
iv. Distrust of workers
c. Consumer exploitation
i. Buyer Beware
d. "Robber Barons"
2. Business as victim
a. Department stores and shop lifting
b. Hotels
c. Transit systems
d. Recreational places
B. Political
1. Presidential election of 1876
2. Machine politics
a. New York
b. Chicago
i. Carter Harrison Sr.
ii. "Lords of the Levee"
3. South and Jim Crow
C. Labor and Workers
1. Puritan work ethic
a. Hard work
b. Thrift
c. Loyalty
2. Foreign threat
a. Germans
3. Molly Maguire
a. Background
i. Ireland
ii. Pennsylvania
b. Deep undercover
i. Pinkertons
ii. James McPharlan
c. Out comes
4. Rail Road Strikes of 1877
a General Strike
i. Defined
ii. Significance
b. Police
i. Public
ii. Private
c. Army
. d. National Guard
D. Vice
1. "Vice Lords"
a. Michael Cassius McDonald
b "Lords of the Levee"
i. What is the Levee
ii.. "Bath House" John Coughlin
iii. "Hinky Dink" Michael Kenna
2. Gambling
a. Lottery and "numbers"
i. Western Union
ii. Louisiana
b Houses
i. MacDonald and the "Casino"
ii. Gambler's Alley
iii. Career of John Morrissey
iv. "Sportsmen" v. the amateur
v. History of Poker
vi. Significance of the slot machine
c. Horse Racing
i. Jockey Clubs
>Track racing
>Parimutuel
ii. "Bookies"
iii. Western Union and the pool room
. d. Baseball
i. Rise
ii. Louisville Grays, 1877
3. Saloons
a. Beer and whiskey
i. Whiskey
>Bourbon and Bourbon County Ky.
>Use
*Drink
*Medicine
*Currency
>Controversy
*Whiskey Rebellion 1794
*Moonshiners
ii. Beer
>Importance of German migration
*Over 4 million Germans came to US by 1900
*Chicago's Lager Riot
>By 1880 there were 4000 breweries in US
>"Beer Barons"
*Milwaukee as Beer capital
*Frederick Pabst as dominant leader
*Joseph Schlitz and Frederick Miller as competitors
* Outlier: Anheuser Busch of St Louis
>Competition with Whiskey
* English and Irish v Germany
*"Brewers Bread"
* Gemutlichkeit
/Beer Gardens
/Beer parks
<Schlitz Park
<Pabst Park
<Miller Park
b. Saloon and masculinity
c. Types
i. Tavern
>Workingman's places
>Family oriented
> Services
>Free lunch
ii. Concert Saloons
> Description
>Chicago
*The Store
*Alhambra
*Trivoli Gardens
*Fox Hall
* The Horn
>Connections
*The Machine
* Criminal Justice System
iii. "Dives"
>Description
>Crime connection
>Bob Duncan's place in Chicago
*"King of Pickpockets"
*Mickey Finn and "Gold Tooth Mary"
4. Sex
a. "Public space v. Private"
b. Types
i. "Grisettes"
ii. Street girls and crime
iii. Panel houses
iv. Brothel
>Storyville in New Orleans
>Barbary Coast in SF
>Tenderloin in NYC
>Chicago
*"Little Cheyenne"
* Levee
* Sporting Club House Directory
* A day in the life of a brothel prostitute
c. Why?
i. Consumers
>Middle class men
ii. Providers
>Desire
>Desperate
>Enslaved
iii.. Protectors
>Machine
>Police and judges
>Public health advocates
>Segregation and citizens
d. American policy towards prostitution
i. Suppression
ii. Toleration
iii. Regulation: The "French System"
5. Drugs
a. Criminals
b. Chinese
c. Patent Medicines
i. Folk Medicine tradition
ii. "Snake Oil' salesmen
iii. William Rockefeller
iv. Lydia Pinkham
v. Swaim's Panacea
vi. Wm Radam's Microbe Killer
vii. Old Sachem Bitters
viii. Holloway's Pills and Ointment
ix. Allcock's Porous Plasters
x, Hamlin's Wizard oil
xi. Wakefield's Family Medicines
xii.. Coka a Cola
xiii/. Ingredients
E. Professional Criminals
1. Shoplifters
a. Sophie Lyons
b. Madam Mannheim
2. Pickpockets
a. "Crowd Fleecers"
b. Types
c. Life and career of George Washington Appo, 1858 to 1930
i. Ethnicity
ii. Father: Quimbo
iii. Youth
>Five Points and Donovan's Lane
>Pickpocket: "The Gun"
> The Mercury, a house of refuge at sea
>Opium joints
*Smoking v eating
*Widespread: 25,000 joints in NYC
* The Layout
*Chinese
*Emergence of a bohemian culture
<Journalist and artist: Poe
< Criminal classes
*Intermingling of class, race and sexes
* New language
<Habitual: "hop heads"
<Novice: "pleasure smokers"
<Opium: victor medicine, Spanish cigarettes, dope
*Law: Koch law, 1882
>"Green Goods" and confidence games
iv. Blackwell's Island
v. Tombs
vi. Sing Sing
>Homosexuality: 20%
>Insanity rate per 1000
*USA=2
*NY=3
*Sing Sing= 4 but in 1890s 19
vii. Appo and Lexow
viii. Appo and the theater
ix. Later life and death
3. Sneaks
4. Burglars
a. Residential
i. "Second Story Man"
b. Commercial
i. "Gentleman Burglars"
>Style
>Methods
*Picking
*Peeling
*Punching
*Pulling
ii "Yegg"
>Style
>Method
5. Fences
a. Definition
b. Reasons for flourishing
i. Burden of proof on victim
ii. Stolen goods altered
iii. Little enforcement
c. "Queen of Fences" Fredericka Mandelbaum or "Old Woman" or " Marm Baum"
i. Pinkertons
6. Ghouls
a. Medical students
i. "Grave yard shift"
ii. Helen Jewett
b. For Ransom
i. Lincoln plot, 1876
ii. John Scott Harrison, 1878
7. Youth Gangs
a. "Whyos" of NYC , 1880s
i. Name
ii. Danny Driscoll
>Youth and reputation
>Killings and trials
>Clothing as insignia
>Execution and fame, 1887
b. Price list (=2006 $)
i. Punching $2 ($36)
ii. Blackened Eyes $4 ($72)
iii. Nose and jaw broke $10 ($180)
iv. Ear Chewed Off $15 ($268)
v. Leg or arm broke $19 ($339)
vi. Shot or stabbed in leg $25 ($447)
vii. "Doing the big job" $100 ($1789)
8. Homicide: Chicago
a. Why Chicago?
b. Rate
c. Types
i. Barroom brawl
>Nature
>Perp
>Victim
ii. Uxoricide (Wife killing)
>Why rise?
>Rage killings
>German immigrants
F. Southern Violence
1. Scotch-Irish in the Hills
a. "Appalachian Pattern"
b. Feuds
i. Howard family v Turner family in Ky
ii. Hatfield family v. McCoy family in WV
iii. Baker family v Howard family in Ky
iv. French family v Eversole family in Ky
v. Martin family v Tollever family in Ky
c. Moonshiner as hero: "Major" Lewis Redmond
d. "Culture of Honor" revisited
2. KKK and the "White Caps"
3. Jim Crow
4. Lynching
a. Scope
i. West, Mid West, South
ii. Racism
>California "Greasers"
>South
*"Coon Barbecues"
*"Nigger Hunts"
b. Types
i. Mob
>Spontaneous
>Planned
ii. Posse
iii. Private
iv. Terrorist
c. Spectators
i. Instigators
ii. Souvenir collectors
iii. "Death's Gaze"
d. Event
i. Abduction
ii. Site selection
>Crime scene
>Near Courthouse or jail
iii. Confession
iv. Method
v. Post hanging
>Degradation of body
>Display
e. Reasons
i. Inter racial violence
ii. "Rape"
iii. Failure to live Jim Crow
iv. Psychological terror
f. Meaning
i. Weak Criminal justice system
ii. Process and procedure of criminal justice
iii. Class divisions
iv. Capital Punishment
>Democracy of death
*Public to private
* Jails to prison
5. "Rape"
a. Meaning of rape
b. In reality?
c. False Accusations
6. Black Response to Southern Violence
a. Leave the South
b. Seek redress from Feds
c. Compromise: live the stereotype
d. Self defense
e. Militancy
G. Sensation
1. Presidential Assassination
a. James Garfield
b. Charles Guiteau
c. Implications
i. Civil Service reform
2. Charley Ross
3. Haymarket
4. Ethnicity
a. New Orleans and the Italians
b. David Hennessey
c. Pinkertons and Frank Damaio
5. Serial Killer
a. H.H. Holmes/ Herman Mudgett
i. Background
ii. Southside of Chicago
b. The Castle
i. The architecture
ii. The killings
c. The Chase
i. Pinkertons
ii. Frank Geyer
6. Lizzi Borden
a. Background
b. Outcome
c. Meaning
III. Criminal Justice in the Gilded Age
A. Criminology
1. Beccaria and "nurture"
2. Lombroso and "nature"
3. Dugdale and the Jukes
B. Law
1. Sociology of law: Abortion
a. "Quickening Doctrine"
b. Abortion industry
c. Latter-day Puritans: Anthony Comstock
d. Professionalization of Medicine
2. Law schools
a. Legal training before
b. New law school
i. Harvard
ii. Christopher Columbus Langdell
iii. New curriculum
iv. Professor v practitioners
c. Sundown schools
3. Lawyers
a. Clarence Darrow
i. Background
ii. Patrick Eugene John Prendergast
> The Crime
>The Trial
> The Appeal
b. Howe and Hummell
i. The Men
ii. The Firm
iii. the Clients
iv. The Style
>Theatrics
>Loophole lawyers
C. Law Enforcement.
1. Private Detectives: Pinkertons
a. Investigation
i. Ordinary
>Railroad robbers
>Bank burglars: ABA
>Jewel thieves: Jeweler's Security Alliance
> Etc
ii. Spying
>Undercover
>Unions
iii. Sensations
>"The Dynamite Fiend"
> The event
>The investigation
b. Watchman
i. Ordinary
ii. Strikes
iii. Homestead
>Event
>Congressional Investigation
> Outcome
2. Federals
a. U.S. Marshals
i. Territories
ii. California and Cunningham v. Neagle (1890)
b. Secret Service
c. Revenue Agents
3. Local Police
a. Model
b. Administration
i. General
ii. Power
>Chiefs
>Midlevel
>Rank and File
c. Innovations
i. Work schedule
ii. Call boxes
iii. Flying squad
iv. Criminal identification
d. Personnel
i. Chiefs: Politics of Professionalism
ii. Detectives
>Rise
>Role
*Treaties
* Bagmen
*Thugs
iii. Patrolmen
>Environment
>Training
>Requirements
>Brutality
*"Clubber" Williams
* John Bonfield
> Corruption
*Theories
^Rotten Apples
^Rotten Pockets
^Pervasive but unorganized
^Pervasive and organized
*Thomas Byrnes
*Theodore Roosevelt
*Lexow Commision
> Sub Culture
*Defined
*Reasons for
^Goos Goos
^Latter Day Puritans
^Critical Events
^Literature: Police histories
D. Corrections
1. Reformatory Movement
a. Ideology
i. Grading System
ii. Regimen
>Work
>Recreation
>The Summary
b. Institutions
i. Elmira
ii. Huntingdon, Pa
ii. Pontiac, Ill
2. Adult Prisons
a. South
i. Problems
>Financial
>Racial
ii. "American Siberia"
b. North
i. Imprisonment rate
> 1850=29 per 100,000
>1880=115.2 per 100,000
ii. Failure of Prisons
>John Peter Altgeld
>Our Prison Machinery and its Victims
iii. The "New Warden"
>National Prison Association (NPA)
>Agenda
^Professionalism
^ Reformatory Ideals for Adults
^Bertillon System of criminal identification
>Politics of Professionalism
iv. Illinois
>Chester
>Joliet
^Robert McClaughry
^Amenities/reforms
@Bathing
@Toilet
@Discipline
@Work
@Recreation
^Bertillon System
3. Federal
a. Before
b. Leavenworth
4. Death
a. Public to private
b. Jails
c. Hanging
i. Grover Cleveland as hangman
ii. Problems: the drop
> 6 to 13 feet
> Too short= long agonizing strangle
>Too long= decapitation
iii. Hangman's calculation Marwood
>Body weight.......................drop
196...............................8ft
189.............................. 8ft 2 inches
182.............................. 8ft 4 inches
175...............................8ft 6 inches
168...............................8ft 8inches
161...............................8ft 10 inches
154 ..............................9ft
147...............................9ft 2 inches
140...............................9ft 4 inches
133...............................9ft 6 inches
126...............................9ft 8 inches
119...............................9ft 10 inches
112................................10 ft
d. Electricity
i. Lightening and death
ii. Quest for humane death....for who?
iii. Battle of the currents
>Thomas Edison and DC
>George Westinghouse and AC
>Goal to
*Electrify the World's Fair
*Electrify America
>Means: electric chair
iv. William Kemmler
> Background
>In Re Kemmler, 1890
* The Argument
*. The Outcome
Crime and Criminal Justice in the Progressive Era
A. DefinedI Introduction1. General
2. Periodization
B. Conditions
1. Urbanization
2. Industrialization
3. Immigration
4. Ethnicity: Italians and Slaves
5. African Americans diaspora
6. New journalism: Muckrakers
7. New liberalism
a. Theodore Roosevelt8. New Ideology
b. Woodrow Wilson
a. Experts and efficiency
b. Expanded role of government
c. Anti-political machined. Purity Crusade
e. Preservation of resources
i. Naturalf Social Justice
ii. Human
C. Crime and Popular Culture
1. Topsy the elephant
2"The Great Train Robbery"
3. Keystone Cops
4. Cost of living (1905)
a. Average life expectancy in US was 47 years
b. 14% of homes had a bathtub
c. 8% of homes had a telephone
d. There were 8,000 cars in America and 144 miles of paved roads
e. The maximum speed limit in most cities was 10 miles per hour
f. Alabama, Mississippi, Iowa and Tennessee were each more heavily populated than Calif.
g. California was 21st most populated state in US
h. Average wage was 22 cents per hour
i. Average worker made $200 to $400 per year
j. 95% of births took place at home
k. 90% of physicians had no college education
l. Sugar cost 4 cents a pound
m. Eggs were 14 cents a dozen
n. Most women washed their hair once a month and used egg yokes for shampoo
o. Five leading causes of death were
i. Pneumonia and influenza
ii. Tuberculosis
iii. Diarrhea
iv. heart disease
v. Stroke
p Arizona, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Hawaii, and Alaska not in Union yet.
q. Las Vegas, Nevada had 3o residents
r. There was no Mother's Day or Father's Day
s. 6^ of all Americans had graduated from high school
t. Two out of ten Americans could not read or write
v. Marijuana, heroin, and morphine were available over the counter in drug stores
w. There were 230 reported murders in the entire US
D. Criminal Justice Conundrum
1. Efficiency v.
2.. Social Justice=
3. Tension
II. Crime in the Progressive Era
A. Homicide: Chicago revisited
1. Why Chicago?
2. Sensation of 1897: Adolph Luetgert Case
a. Setting/ Background
b. The Murder?
c. The Trial
d. The Outcome
3. Rate
4. Types
a. Barroom brawl down: why?
b. Wife killing up: why?
i. Loss of male autonomy
ii. Wife leaving
c. Husband killing
i. Self defense
ii. Pent up rage: multiple shots and overkill
iii. Increased assertiveness of females
d. Infanticide
i. Nature
ii. Reasons
e. Women and a "new unwritten law"
f. African Americans
i. Extent
ii. As victims
iii. As killers
g. Italians and the Black Hand
i. "Little Italy" and "Death's Corner"
ii. Extent
iii. Mafia
iv. Big Jim Colosimo
h. The automobile and accidental death
i. Botched abortions : Louise Hagenow
j. Robbers and killing
i. rate
ii. "Auto Bandits"
iii. Saloon holdups
iv. Fagins and Jack Rollers
v. 61st Street Car Barn robbery, August 1903
>Semi automatic pistols
>The gang
vi. Demographics
B. Business/ politicalII. Criminal Justice in the Progressive Era
1. Business and the quest for profit2. Muckrakers
a. Ida Tarbell
b. Upton Sinclair and The Jungle
3. Goos Goos
a. The Shame of the Cities
b. Treason in the Senate
4. Crusades against The Boss
C. Workers and radicalism
D. Vice1. IWW or "Wobblies"
a. Big Bill Haywood and "Red" Emma Goldman
b. Harry Orchard and the Gov. Steuenberg case
c. Charley Siringo and the Pinkertons
d. Joe Hill2. Los Angeles Times Bombing
a. William Burns
b. Clarence Darrow
c. The McNamaras
d. The impact and meaning
2. Red Scare
a. Palmer Raids
b. ACLU
1. The "Girl Problem": Female Sexual DelinquencyE. Sensation.a. "Parasexual" activity
b. Taxi Dance Halls2. Prostitution and the Closing of the Red Light Districts
c. "Five and Ten Cent Theatres"
a. "Satan's Circus"
b. Chicago
i. 1st Ward Ball
ii. Everleigh Club
>The Sisters
>The Club
>The Girls
>The Ambiance
>The Customer
>The Enemy
>The Critical Events
iii. Old Policy
iv. New Policy
3. Saloons and the Boss
4. Gambling
a. Horse racing5. The Crusades
b. Gambling houses
c. Career of Arnold Rothstein
a. Phase 1
b. Phase 2
6. Drugs
a. 19th Century
b. 20th Century
i. Racism
ii. Diplomacy
iii. Medical crusade
c. Outcomei. Pure Food and Drug Act
ii. Harrison Act
1. Presidential Assassination
a. McKinley and Czolgosz
b. Roosevelt
2. Belle Gunness
3. "Crime of the Century" Thaw/White incident
4. The Hit
a. Satan's Circus
b. Charley Becker
c. Herman Rosenthal
d. "Big Tim" Sullivan
e. Others
f. Outcome
g. Meaning
5. Mary Phagan
a. Atlanta, Ga
b. The Girl
c. The Factory
d. Leo Frank
e. Others
F. Ethnicity
G. Small town mobsters1. Italians and the Black Hand
2. Chinesea. Chinatowns
b. Opium dens
c. White slavery
d. Food and fortune cookies
3. Jewsa. Anti Semitism
b. Leo Frank
4.. Blacks
a. Southern lynching and emergence of the "Bad Man" as black hero
b. Northern movementi. Riots
>Springfield, 1908
>East St Louis, 1917
>Chicago, 1919
ii. Sundown towns
1. John Looney of Rock Island, Illinois
H. 1919 as symbol and symptom
1. Red Scare
2. Race Riots
3. Boston Police Strike
4. Baseball Scandals, "Say it ain't so Joe"
A. Criminology1. Earlier
2. Modern
a. Legal Perspective
i. Northwestern University Law School
ii. American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology
b. Social Science Perspective
i. Psychology
ii. Medical model
c. Managerial Perspective
i. Bruce Smith
ii. Leonard Fuld
iii. Raymond Fosdick
iv. August Vollmer
B. Law and Legal Culture
1. Legal profession
a. "Regulars" v "Irregulars"
b. Corporate law
c. Sundown Schools
2. "New" Puritanism
a. Purity crusade
b. Over Reach of the law
3. Due Process
a. Federal Crime increase
b. Vice Crime increase
c. Weeks v. US
d. People v Jennings and finger print evidence
4. Juvenile Justice
C. Law Enforcement
1. Private Police
a. Pinkertons
b. Rise of William Burns
c. Leo Frank Case
d. Seymour & Seymour
e. Regulation laws
2. Federal Police
a. Theodore Roosevelt
b. Vice Crusades
c. Secret Service and presidential protection
i. Counterfeiting
>1864
>1903
d. Bureau of Investigation
i. TR and Secret Service
ii. Angry Congress
e. Immigration
i. Assassination of McKinley by a radical alien
ii. Flood of immigrants
iii. America's conundrum
>Attitudes
>Behaviors
iv. Threefold policy
>Don't let in
>Deportation as police power
>Don't give citizenship
3. State Police
a. Problems
i. Rural crime
ii. Weak Sheriffs
iii. Auto excursions
iv. Union strikes
b. Pennsylvania
i. Resistances
4. Local Police
a. Problems
i. Politics
ii. Quality
iii. Mission
iv. Image
v. Gun
>Zeglen Bullet Proof Vest
b. Professionalizers
i. The Big Four
>Richard Sylvester, chief of DC
>August Vollmer, chief of Berkley California
>William and Robert Pinkerton
ii. Agenda
>Politics out
>Merit promotion
>Training: August Vollmer and Police Academy
>Technology
>Mission
D. Corrections
1. Reformatory ideals
2. Juvenile justice
3. Adult Corrections: State
a. Probation
i. Defined
ii. Pros
>"Scientific"
>Inexpensive
*$'s to imprison per year=220
*$'s to place on probation for a year=22
iii. Problems
>Judge selection and controlled
>Work load
>PSI
>Conditions of probation
b. Parole
i. Defined
ii. Pros
>Panel of "experts"
>Parole plan
>Supervision
>Revokation
iii. Problems
>Wardens dominate
>Custodial needs dominate
>Work load
>Conditions of parole
c Prisons
i. Women's prisons
ii. Men
>Reformatory ideals in place
>Lock step and stripes are gone
>More recreation
>Thomas Osborne's Mutual Welfare League
> "Work Release" starts in 1913
> Stateville as example
*Architecture
d. Death
i. Anti Capital punishment movement, 1907-1917
ii. Reversals
4 Adult prisons : Federal
a. Leavenworth and McClaughry
i. Will/William West incident
ii. Mutinies 1901,1910
iii. Muckrakers
b. Atlanta
c. McNeil Island
Crime and Criminal Justice in the Gangster Era
A. Defined1. Chronological, 1920s, 1930s
2. Conceptual
a. "Roaring Twenties"
b. The Great Depression
B. Themes
1. Conservatism redo in the 20s
2. The New Deal
3. National Crime Crisis
a. Prohibition
b. Gangster wars
c. Syndicate
d. Chicago as crime capital
e. "New Outlaws"
4. The new FBI
5. Federal Prison system
6. Criminal justice education
C. Some Trivia
1. Last Public Execution: August, 1936
a. Owensboro, Ky
b. 20,000 come to see it
c. World wide sensation
i. Sheriff was a woman
d. Black man, 22 years old, for rape and murder
II. Crime in the Gangster Era
1. Ordinary crime
2. Business and Political crime
a. National level3. Workers and Radicalism
i. President Warren Harding's "Ohio Gang"
ii. William burns and the Bureau of Investigation
iii. Teapot Dome Scandal
b. Local level
i. Chicago and Big Bill Thompson
ii. New York City and Jimmy Walker
a. Communism
b. Wall Street Bombing, 19204. Vice and Organized Crime
c. Memorial Day Massacre, Chicago, 1937
a. "Crime Tariff"
b. The "business" of Prohibition5. Ethnicityi. Production
>"cutting" booze
> Homemade: bath tub gin
ii. Transportation
>"boot legging"
> Canada to USA
>Web of transport
> Teamsters
iii. Distribution
>Warehouses
>Speakeasies
>Road houses
>The "Night Club"
c. Illinois : The Sheltons
i. Scene
>"Egypt"
>"Bloody Willaimson"
ii. The characters
>Carl
>Earl
>Bernie
iii. East St. Louis
>Building an empire
>"The Valley"
>Bootlegging
> Gambling
iv. Challenges
>"The Outfit"
>KKK and S. Glenn Young
>Gang warfare
*Charles Birger
*The Tank
*The Bomber
>Honest cops
>Repeal
v. The Fall
d. Chicago gangs
i. Sources of the gangs
>Old professional criminal gangs: Dion O'Banion
>Neighborhood athletic clubs : Ragen Colts
>Ethnic gangs: "Black Hand" groups, Torrio/Capone
ii. Gangland competition
>Phase 1: 1920/23
>Phase 2: 1923/27
>Phase 3: 1927+
*St Valentives's Day Massacre
e. New York
i. Torrio's return
ii. Big 6
>Lucky Luciano
>Meyer Lansky
>Dutch Schultz
>Bugsy Siegel
>Frank Costello
>Joey Adonis
iii. Crisis
>Chicago model
>Repeal
iv. Torrio solution: syndicate
a. General= Quota system
b. KKK
c. Sacco-Vanzetti, Discuss "Murder in South Braintree"d. Scottsboro boys
6. Sensations and Media Events
a. Loeb and Leopold7. Public Responseb. St Valentines Day Massacre
c. Life, career and death of Arnold Rothstein
d. Lindbergh baby kidnapping, Discuss "The Lindbergh Case"
e. The "New Outlaws"
i. Bonnie and Clydef. "The Day the Laughter Stopped": "Fatty" Arbuckle incidentii. "Pretty Boy" Floyd and the Union Station Massacre, 1934
iii. "Baby Face" Nelson
iv. John Dillinger
g. Gangster films from Hollywood
a. Crime Commission movement
i. Chicago Crime Commissionb. Wickersham Commission and its Reports
ii. New York City's Seabury Commission
III. Criminal Justice
A. Criminology
a. Legal Approach, Northwestern UniversityB. Law and Legal System
b. Sociological Approach, University of Chicagoi. Theories
>Social Disorganization
>Urban zones
>Differential Association
ii. Figures
>Clifford Shaw
>Frederick Thrasher
>Edwin Sutherland
c. Political Science
i. University of California
ii. August Vollmer
iii. "College cops"
>O.W. Wilson
>William Wiltberger
>V.A.Leonard
1. Law Schools and war against the "irregulars"a. Acadmics v. Practitioners
b. Wall ST v DC
2. Law and social control
a. Prohibition3. Prosecutor as crime fighter
b. Drugs and the Marihuana Act
c. Guns and Gun Control
a. Thomas Dewey
C. Law Enforcement Punishment
1. Private Police2. Federal Police
a. Treasury
i. Bureau of Prohibition, 1927
ii. IRS
iii. FBN
>Harry Anslinger
>"Reefer Madness"
b. Bureau of Investigation
i. Burn's Era
>Style
>Gaston Means
>Scandal
ii. Hoover Era
>Early years, 1924-1930
*Agents
<Type
<Number
/Before 441 agents and 9 field offices
/By 1930 30 field offices
*Administration
>Later , 1930-40
*Empire building
*Science
*Identification
*Mission
*UCR
*Academy
*New Outlaws
*Guns and police power
*UnAmericans
3. State Police
4. Local police
a. Professionalization
i. Leaders
ii. Ordinary officers
>Depression
>College cops
>Academy
b. Gun
c. the Third Degree
d. Technology
i. Car
>Theft
>Traffic control
>Tensions
ii. Telephone
>Accessibility
>Investigation
iii. Radio
iv. Science
>Forensics
>Crime lab
>Polygraph
*Problem
*August Vollmer
*John Larson
*Leonarde Keeler
*Chicago
*Frye Decision
e. Mission
D. Corrections
1. Federal
a. Crimes
b. Federal Bureau of Prisons
i. Stanford Bates
ii. Training schools
iii. SuperMax
2. State
a. Probation
b. Parole
c. Prisons
i. Female institutions
ii. Male institutions
>Prospects
>Problems
>Stateville
*Formative years, 1925-1935
<Politics
<Overcrowded
<Gangs
<"Prisonization"
<Violence
*Joseph Ragen, 1936+
<Background<Style
<Relations to guards
<Relations to inmates
<Relations to the press
Crime and Criminal Justice in The War Years: Hot and Cold
I. Introduction
A. Definition
B. Themes
1. Mindset : Pearl Harbor
2. War and crime
3. Women: Rosy the Riveter to Harriet Nelson
4. Communism
5. Organized Crime
6. Drugs
7. Suburbia
8. Youth: "Wild Ones" to "Rebels without a Cause"
9. Liberalism
10. University of California School of Criminology
II. Crime
A. Conspiracy
1. Impact of Pearl Harbor
2. A-Bomb
3. Flying saucers
4. Roswell, NM
5. Area 51
B. Radicals
1. Communism
2. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
3. McCarthy Hearings
C. Organized Crime
1. Havana, Cuba
2. Las Vegas, Nevada
a. Bugsy Siegel and the Flamingo
b. Dunes and the St Louis mob
c. Stardust and Chicago
d. Caesar's Palace and Hoffa's Teamsters
e. Mobs and movie stars
3. Mafia
a. Apalacin meeting
b. Valachi
c. Kefauver investigations
D. Riots: Zoot suits
E. Youth
1. Wild Ones
2. Rebels Without a Cause
F. Mad Bombers
1. George Metsky
2. John Graham
G. William Heirens of Chicago
H. Marvin Wolfgang's Patterns of Criminal homicide, 1957
III. Criminal Justice
A. Criminology
1. School of Criminology of University of California
2. Academic tensions
a. Practitioners
b. Academics
c. Administrative
3. Society for Applied Criminology
a. Features
b. The take over
B. Police
1. "GI Joe" as cop
2. California preeminence
a. Rush to California
b. Gov Earl Warren
c. August Vollmer and School of Criminology
d. William Parker at LA
e. Hollywood
f. POST
C. Corrections
1. Illinois, Stateville and Ragen
2. California
a. Richard McGee
I. Introduction
Crime and Justice in the Liberal Era
A. Periodization, 1960s, 1970sI. IntroductionB. Themes
1. Dominance of liberalism
2. Economic prosperity
3. Race and civil rights
4. Baby Boomers
5. Unpopular war
6. Drug culture
7. Riots
8. Birth of a new academic field: criminal justice
9. Hippies and "summers of love"
II. Crime in the Liberal Era
A. Crime increases astonishingly
B. Traditional Crime
1. General pop^ 13% but crime ^ 148%
2. Aggravated assault ^ 102%
3. Rape ^ 116%
4. Robbery ^ 177%
5. Burglary ^ 117%
6. Murder ^ 62%
C. Business/ political crime
1. Richard Nixon and Watergate
D. Radicalism
1. Communism
2. Student groups: SDS
E. Disorder
1. Racial Riots
a. NonViolent Civil Rights
b. "Ghetto Riots"
i. Watts, Los Angeles (1965)
ii. Others
c. Rise of Black Panthers
i. Fred Hampton and Black Panthers
2. Student Protests
a. Features
b. Reasons
c. Groups
i. Weathermen
d. Democratic National Convention in Chicago
F. Sensation
1. Assassinations
a. Medgar Evers (1963)
b. JFK (1963)
c. Malcom X (1965)
d. Martin Luther King (1968)
e. Robert Kennedy (1968)
2. Mass/Serial Killers
a. Charles Whitman in Austin, Texas
b. Richard Speck in Chicago
c. Charles Manson in LA
3. Corruption
a. Summerdale scandal in Chicago
II. Criminal Justice in the Liberal Era
A. Criminology
1. University of Chicago and The Great Society
2. University of California and "Professionalism"
a. Preeminence of the School of Criminology
i. Growth and expansion
ii. Issue
>Popularity and the "cheap degree"
>Practitioners and Administrators
>Academic politics
iii. Society for the Advancement of Criminology
>The take over
iv. Society of Police Professors
b. Fall of the School
i. O.W. Wilson off to Chicago
ii. Loss of focus
iii. the Academic conundrum
iv. Faculty and the practitioners: loss of real world support
v. Faculty and the students
vi. Liberalism of faculty: Tony Platt story
vii. Faculty and administration
viii. The School and Campus atmosphere
ix. School and Governor Reagan
x. Alternative: rise of state schools
3. Politics
a. Local issue v. National gov
b. Katzenbach Commission
i. Reports
ii. The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society
c. Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act (1968)
i. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)
>Hardware program
>Software program
ii. Law Enforcement Education Program (LEEP)
>Rationale
>In-service
>Pre-service
>Proliferation of programs
*Turf battles over $
*Elite schools aloof
*Flagship schools aloof
*State schools and compass colleges
*Community college movement
d. Educational problems
i. Curriculum
>"hands on": vocational model
>Academic: social science model
> Managerial
ii. Campus problems
>Popularity problems
>Professorate: interdisciplinary
>Cheap degrees: Mickey Mouse Major
B. Law and Legal Profession
1. Law Schools and ABA
2. "Due Process Revolution"
a. Warren Court and Criminal justice
i. Mapp v Ohio (1961)
ii,. Gideon v Wainwright (1963)
iii. Escobido v Illinois (1964)
iv. Miranda v Arizona (1966)
3. Law
a. Civil Rights Act
b. Equal opportunity
C. Law Enforcement
1. Federal
a. Secret Service and Dallas
b. Hoover's FBI
i. Public Enemies problem
ii. COINTELPRO
c. DEA and drugs
2. Local police
a. Problems
i. Crime increase
ii. Disorder increase
iii. Corruption
>Summerdale
>Serpico in NUC
iv. Brutality
>National Democratic Convention in Chicago
v. Personnel
>White male dominate
>Affirmative Action policies
*Black Men
* Females
>College cop problem
>Salary/ benefits: police Union movement
vi. Paramilitary tactics SWAT
vii. Patrol and Kansas City Study
b. Responses
i. Professionalism: top-down, bottom up
ii. Police unions
iii. Civilian Review
iv. Team policing
D. Corrections
1. Prisons increase
2. Violence
a. Inmate on inmate
b. Inmate on staff
c. Staff on inmate
d. Riot: Attica
e. "Soledad Story"
3. Rehabilitation to "just deserts"
4. Prisoner Rights Movement
a. Supreme Court's historic "hands off"
b. Hands on
i. Religion
ii. Conditions
iii. Expression
iv. Discipline
5. Capital punishment
a. Forms
b. Caryl Chessman
c. "Moratorium"
i. Furman v. Georgia
d. Gary Gillmore in Utah
e. Lethal injection
Crime and Criminal Justice in the Conservative Era
A. Periodization, 1980s, 1990sB. Themes
1. Conservatism returns
2. Get tough on crime: Broken Windows
3. Professionalization of police
4. Spread of federal criminal justice
5. Popular culture and criminal justice
6. Criminal Justice higher education
II. Crime
A. Ordinary
1. Drug wars
a. Supply side
b. Demand side.
2. Gangs
a. Crips and bloods
3. Intimate violence
a. Rape and college campuses
b. William Kennedy Smith
c. Mike Tyson
B. Serial /mass killers
1. Green river Killer
2. John Wayne Gacy
3. Joel Rifkin
4. Jeffery Dahmer
5. Richard Ramirez "Night Stalker"
6. Wayne Williams
C. White Supremacist Groups
1. Ideology
2. Conspiracy theory revisited
3. Extent
4. Oklahoma City 1995: Timothy McVeigh
D. Political/business crime
1. Savings and loan scandals
2. Insider trading: Ivan Boskey
E. Terrorism
1. World Trade Center NYC 1993
2. Pipe bombs at Atlanta Olympic festivities 1996
F. Internet and identity theft
G . Crime as sensation O J Simpson 1994
III. Criminal Justice in the Conservative Era
A. Criminology
B. Law and Legal Culture
1. Law schools
2. Posse Comitatus of 1878 revisited
C. Law Enforcement
1. Federals
a. FBI and Drugs
b DEA
i. Supply side and foreign entanglements
>Production zone: Columbia, Peru, Bolivia
>Smuggling zone: Cariibbean, Central America
>Border zone
ii. Demand side
>Education
> RICO and forfeiture
>Interdiction
c. ATF: Waco Texas
2. Local police
a. Problems
>Brutality and Rodney King 1992
>Riots in Miami
>MOVE
b. Solutions
>Greater stress on education
>"Community policing"
>Race
>Gender
>Technology
D. Corrections
1. "Just deserts"
2. Attack on indetermancy and parole
3. Warehousing due to
a. Recidivism
b. Zero tolerance
4. Maxi-maxi
5. Lock down
6. Growth of prisons
a. By 1990 were 900 state and 70 prisons
7. Privatization movement
Conclusions
A. Themes Re-visited
B. Value of History in Modern Policy
C. Enlightened Bureaucrats
D. Informed Citizens
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